一本介绍断奶仔猪饲养管理和营养需要的实用手册

——《断奶仔猪》

WEANINGTHE PIG

Conceptsand consequences surrounding the weaning process

“仔猪断奶：概念和结果”是由世界各地公认的实战派专家撰写的，它解决了现代生养猪生产中围绕断奶过程的一些重要问题，包括仔猪和繁殖群。

'Weaning the Pig: Concepts and Consequences' written by acknowledged expertsfrom around the world, that addresses the major issues surrounding the weaning process, both for piglets and the breeding herd, inmodern-day pig production.

断奶后的仔猪会对管理人员、饲养员和营养师提出了许多挑战，因此仔猪断奶是整个养猪生产过程中的一个关键阶段。母猪也面临着许多的挑战，它需要在断奶后尽快能够重新繁殖。

The post-weaned pig presents many challenges to the manager, stock person and nutritionist, and as such is a critical phase in the overall production system. Numerous challenges are also faced by the sow, which is required to be rebred as soon as possible after weaning.

这本书汇集了有关仔猪和母猪断奶前后各方面的研究摘要，是这方面的一本独特的书。因此，所提供的材料详细涵盖了与断奶过程相关的以下领域：断奶猪的生长，准备断奶的营养管理，断奶前后的行为改变和适应性变化，自由采食量，消化生理学，小肠完整性调控，断奶后肠道微生物菌群组成和腹泻病，肠道免疫力，断奶仔猪的营养需要和肠道营养需要，断奶后的猪舍环境问题，超产和弱小仔猪的救助和饲养，断奶母猪的繁殖力和生产寿命。

This book draws together summaries of research dealing with both piglets and the sow, and is a unique book in this regard. Accordingly, thematerial presented covers in detail the following areas associated with the weaning process: growth of the weaned pig, nutritional management in preparation for weaning, behavioural changes and adaptations around weaning, voluntary feed intake, digestive physiology, modulation of small intestinal integrity, the intestinal microflora and diarrhoeal diseases after weaning, intestinal immunity, nutritional requirements and intestinal requirements of the weaned pig, environmental and housing issues after weaning, saving and rearing supernumery and under privileged piglets, and productivity and longevity of the weaned sow.

对于所有与养猪业相关的专业来说，这是一本理想的指导手册；对于本科生和研究生来说，这是一本是无价的教材。

Ideal reference for all professions associated with the pig industry, and is invaluable as a text for students at both under graduate and post graduate levels.

本书特别值得关注的要点是：

一是作者自始至终将“采食量”贯穿于全书的各个章节，全面论述了断奶前后采食量的变化以及引起采食量变化的行为、内分泌、消化生理、环境以至免疫学因素，使我们能全面理解断奶前后采食量变化的原因，从而找到提高断奶仔猪采食量的正确方法；

二是在论述仔猪断奶所遇到的问题时，特别注意到了肠道健康这一至关重要的概念，并用专门一章论述了肠道的营养需要。

Contents 目录:

SECTION ONE: Introduction 前言

SECTION TWO: Growth of the weaned pig
断奶仔猪的生长

2.1 Introduction

2.2T he potential growth of weaned pigs

2.3 Description of growth

2.4 The growth check at weaning

2.5 Bodyweight at weaning - its importance for post-weaning growth

2.6 Can weaning weight be increased by supplementary feeding?

2.7 Do pigs stimulated to reach higher weaning weights grow faster toslaughter?

2.8 Do pigs exhibit compensatory growth?

2.9 The importance of weight gain in the first week after weaning

2.10 Minimising the growth check at weaning

2.11 Does minimising the growth check have long-term benefits?

2.12 Conclusions

References

SECTION THREE: Nutritional management of the pig in preparation for weaning
在准备断奶时的仔猪营养管理

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The importance of weaning weight to subsequent growth

3.3 Nutrient intake before weaning

3.3.1 Supplying creep food in lactation

3.3.2 Dry creep feed intake

3.3.3 Liquid diets to enhance feed intake

3.3.4 The effects of gender on nutrient intake of neonatal pigs

3.4 The composition of diets offered during lactation

3.4.1 Dietary formulation of creep diets

3.4.2 Use of flavours in creep/starter diets

3.4.3 Presentation of the creep diet

3.5 Water for suckling pigs

3.6 Conclusions

SECTION FOUR: Behavioural changes and adaptations associated with weaning
断奶引起的仔猪行为变化和适应

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Neuroendocrine consequences of weaning

4.3 The critical role of food

4.4 Behaviour

4.5 Conclusion

References

SECTION FIVE: Metabolic and endocrine changes around weaning
仔猪断奶前后的的代谢和内分泌变化

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The post-weaning check

5.3 Effect of weaning on metabolism

5.3.1 Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

5.3.2 Protein metabolism

5.4 Hormonal status

5.4.1 Somatotropin and insulin-like growth factor-I

5.4.2 Insulin

5.4.3 Hypothalamic-pituitary axis

5.5 Conclusions

References

SECTION SIX: Factors affecting the voluntary feed intake of the weaned pig
影响断奶仔猪自由采食量的因素

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Feeding behaviour of piglets kept under ‘natural’ or‘semi-natural’ conditions

6.3 Commercial weaning practice - an event rather than a process

6.4 Pre-weaning feed and water intake

6.5 Relationship between pre-weaning food consumption and post-weaninggrowth

6.6 Feeding behaviour of the post-weaned pig

6.7 Feed and water intake of weaned pigs

6.8 The significance of maintaining continuity of food intake afterweaning

6.9 The interaction between water and feed intake post weaning

6.10 Liquid feeding post-weaning

6.11 Conclusions

References

SECTION SEVEN: Digestive physiology of the weaned pig
断奶仔猪的消化生理学

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Strategies for adaptation to enteral nutrition in the neonatal pig

7.2.1 Preparation

7.2.2 Implementation I

7.2.3 Perspective 1

7.3 The weaned pig

7.3. 1Commercial weaning

7.3.2 Gastrointestinal, pancreatic and hepatic response

7.3.3 Small intestine morphological response

7.3.4 Small intestine carbohydrase and transporter response

7.3.5 Amino acid transport

7.3.6 Perspective 2

7.4 Regulation of post-weaning adaptation

7.4.1 Milk withdrawal

7.4.2 Weaning stress

7.4.3 Direct dietary effects

7.4.4 Indirect dietary effects

7.4.5 Perspective 3

References

SECTION EIGHT: Diet-mediated modulation of small intestinal integrity in weaned piglets
断奶仔猪小肠完整性的日粮调控

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Small intestinal integrity

8.2.1 Small intestinal morphology

8.2.2 Mucus production

8.2.3 Transepithelial permeability

8.2.4 Inflammation

8.2.5 Brush border enzyme activity

8.2.6 Animal performance

8.3 Modulation of small intestinal integrity by luminal nutrition

8.3.1 Modulation by route of administration

8.3.2 Modulation by level of energy intake

8.3.3 Modulation by dietary components

8.4 Concluding remarks

References

SECTION NINE: Interactions between the intestinal microflora, diet and diarrhoea and their influences on piglet health in the immediate post-weaning period
肠道微生物菌群、日粮和腹泻之间的互作以及这些因素刚断奶仔猪健康的影响

9.1 Changes in intestinal microflora at weaning

9.2 Major enteric diseases at weaning

9.3 Post-weaning colibacillosis (PWC)

9.4 Factors predisposing to post-weaning colibacillosis at weaning

9.4.1 The role of the small intestine

9.4.2 The role of the large intestine

9.4.3 The specific role of diet

9.4.4 The specific role of dietary non-starch polysaccharides in PWC

9.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

SECTION TEN: Aspects of intestinal immunity in the pig around weaning
断奶断奶前后的肠道免疫力

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Overview of immune systems

10.2.1 Active immunity

10.2.2 Passive immunity

10.3 The intestinal immune system

10.3.1 Intestinal inflammation

10.3.2 Oral tolerance

10.3.3 Development of intestinal immunity

10.4 The effect of weaning on the intestinal immune system

10.4.1 Overview of the weaning process

10.4.2 Alteration of intestinal morphology

10.4.3 Activation of the intestinal immune system

10.5 Conclusion

References

SECTION ELEVEN: Nutritional requirements of the weaned pig
断奶仔猪的营养需求

Summary

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Importance of pig weight and age

11.3 Basis of nutrient specifications for weaner pigs

11.3.1 Ingredient selection based on digestive capacity

11.4 Nutrient requirements of the weaned pig

11.4.1 Energy

11.4.2 Amino acids

11.4.3 Other approaches to determining a requirement estimate

11.4.4 Vitamins

11.4.5 Minerals

11.4.6 Post-weaning diarrhea and zinc oxide.

11.4.7 Organic trace minerals

11.5 Selection of ingredients for the weaned pig

11.5.1 Energy sources

11.5.2 Protein sources

11.5.3 Non-nutritive Feed additives (eg., antibiotics, enzymes,organicacids, etc.)

11.6 Example of phase feeding program for early weaned pigs

11.6.1 SEW diet - weaning to 5 kg

11.6.2 Transition diet - 5 to 7 kg

11.6.3 Phase 2 - 7 to 11 kg

11.6.4 Phase 3 - 11.5 to 23 kg

11.7 Importance of management in the success of the nutritional program

11.7.1 Management to encourage feed intake

11.7.2 Adjust feeders frequently to minimize feed wastage

References

SECTION TWELVE: Intestinal nutrient requirements in weanling pigs
刚断奶仔猪的肠道营养需求

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Changes in gut physiology during weaning

12.2.1 Acute phase

12.2.2 Adaptive phase

12.3 Intestinal nutrient utilization in young pigs

12.3.1 Physiological and cellular basis of gut metabolism

12.3.2 Major oxidative fuels

12.3.3 Essential amino acid utilization

12.3.4 Interactions between nutrition and enteric health and function

12.4 Summary and perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

SECTION THIRTEEN: Environmental requirements and housing of the weaned pig
断奶仔猪的环境需求和猪舍

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Environmental requirements of the weaned pig

13.2.1 Events related to weaning that affect thermal requirements

13.2.2 Ambient temperature

13.2.3 Relative humidity and ventilation

13.2.4 Lighting

13.2.5 Effects of non-optimal climate on performance

13.3 Pen structure

13.3.1 Flooring materials

13.3.2 Feeders and waterers

13.3.3 Stocking densities

13.3.4 Group size

13.4 Housing as a cause of poor health of weaned pigs

13.4.1 Evidence that housing conditions predispose pigs to digestivedisorders

13.4.2 Impact of non-optimal indoor climate on the pig’s health status

13.4.3 Multifactorial nature of post-weaning disorders: risk factorsassociated with housing and management

13.4.4 Integrating the risk factors to improve health

13.5 Conclusion

References

SECTION FOURTEEN: Saving and rearing underprivileged and supernumerary piglets and improving their health at weaning
虚弱和超产仔猪的挽救和饲料以及改善它们断奶时的健康

14.1Introduction

14.2What are underprivileged and supernumeraries?

14.3Reasons accounting for variation in birthweight and weaning weight

14.3.1 Variation in birth weight

14.3.2 Variation in weaning weight

14.4 Differences between underprivileged and “normal” piglets

14.5.2 Cross fostering

14.5.3 Split weaning

14.5.4 Feeding strategy

14.6 Growth potential of underprivileged piglets

14.7 Supernumerary piglets

14.7.1 Weaning at day 1-3